Resumen

Thesis represents a new line of work based on the production of products, enzymatically hydrolyzed, high absorption, and its application to a soil model to carry out studies of biostimulation and bioremediation of soils contaminated with various xenobiotics.
Thesis memory is structured in three chapters, and each carries including an introduction, objectives, materials and methods, results and discussion, and final conclusions. The references used in each of the chapters have been grouped into a single block at the end of the manuscript.
In the first chapter: Production of pedological biostimulants by an enzymatic process from different agro-industrial organic byproducts, has raised the production of high absorption and high potential biofertilizer / biostimulant edaphic (referred to as BSE). It has carried out the hydrolytic conversion, mediated by enzymes, various organic by-products resulting from the activity of the food industry, such as the Distillery Condensed Solubles, resulting in the production of bioethanol as biofuel, and the carob germ flour by-product obtained from processing the fruit of the carob for use in the food industry.
These products have been selected by virtue of its high content of MO, primarily proteins and have been characterized for carrying out the enzymatic hydrolysis to yield the products biostimulants. Through these hydrolytic processes the functional properties of the MO containing organic agro-products has been modified, which has provided increased capacity for farm use by increasing their bioavailability.
In the second chapter, Assessing the potential of enzymatic hydrolysates biostimulant WCDS-HE and CGHE, has conducted a capacity study biostimulant products obtained in the previous phase (BSE) and analyzed whether this capacity is increased by the hydrolytic process that have suffered due to the modification of physicochemical properties of the MO has improved bioavailability, since it has managed to increase its solubility and shrink protein.
To carry out this study we have designed a monitoring model based on the selection and determination of different parameters or biomarkers, which have allowed to evaluate the effect of applying the various BSE on the metabolic activity of soil and the diversity of microbial populations.
Finally, the third and final chapter, study the influence of the implementation of BSE on the process of bioremediation of soils contaminated with various xenobiotics, we evaluated the influence of the implementation of the various BSE obtained in the preceding stage in a bioremediation process, mediated by biodegradation. These tests were performed on a laboratory scale and constitute a series of experiments involving contamination of a ground pattern. We have studied the role of these BSE in the biodegradative process for different pollutants such as diesel, petroleum, and atrazine, a herbicide widely used.
This chapter reveals the effects that biostimulants on a soil contaminated with xenobiotics of different types: hydrocarbons (C source) and a herbicide (N source), and evaluates the role of pedological biostimulation as an effective tool for biodegradation of contaminants .
This final study includes the evaluation of biostimulation, focusing on the effect upon microbial metabolism, and also in determining pollutant degradation by analyzing the correlation between the two. In turn, we analyze whether microbial populations in soil undergo changes due to pollution and whether these changes can be related to the biodegradation of organic contaminants.