Ancient practices of water harvesting, catchment and distribution had guaranteed for years water supplying to the countries and the towns all over the Mediterranean area. These techniques rooted into the society and the environment, thus becoming as a part of the local knowledge able to create the identity and the harmonious management of landscape. An articulated variety of water systems, such as the foggaras, the qanats, the khattaras -drainage tunnels -, the shadufs - wells with a balance bar, the filter cisterns, the terracing, the drainages, the stone barrows, the harvesting soils and the diversion dikes, shaped in time the Mediterranean landscape, thus acting on its functionality and on its beauty as well. Nowadays, the risk of water shortage, desertif ication and degradation of soils depending on the global warming, the increase of urbanization and the agricultural industrialization is high. As consequence of this, the reuse of the traditional water systems is on one hand a fundamental contribution to t he water resource management based on the local sustainability and on the other hand the recovery of aesthetical values of the monuments which are a further resource for people. The cases of study the consortium focused on are the leading examples for a me thodology which could be suitable also in other situations.'