The purpose of this book is to show that sanitation consists of a number of specific rights and obligations concerning collection and disposal of excreta and wastewater, thus compensating for the lack of specificities of applicable international law in this field. It contains a description of the right to sanitation in 16 developed and developing countries and in various regional frameworks as well as a summary of international law in this area. Large differences in sanitation in urban and rural areas are an obstacle to the definition of identical rights to sanitation. Nevertheless, similarities in national approaches would justify that the “right to sanitation” be considered as a new right bearing in mind that there are still serious gaps In its implementation.