Freshwater resources are one of the major constituents in successful development of economy of any part of the world. As a rule, surface waters provide for agriculture and industry. But since groundwaters server as a major source of drinking water, their quality and availability is of vital importance. This article presents an analytical overview of distribution of fresh groundwater resources in Belarus, the dynamics of their usage and the influence of human activity on groundwater resources. Spatial differentiation of freshwater resources within the borders of Belarus is reviewed. The dynamics of fresh groundwater abstraction and consumption during a prolonged period of time (24 years) is analyzed. Also, described and classified are the main natural and anthropogenic factors influencing the quality and availability of fresh groundwater. Their mapping is done. As a result, it was found out that the country possesses rather considerable resources of fresh groundwater sufficient for present and perspective water demands. However, the quality of groundwater does not always meet the norm.