The goals of this report are to identify what materials/approaches are being used by fieldworkers and to provide additional guidelines where needed. The rationale for the study is based on the assumption that if community participation, gender equity and poverty alleviation are integrated into the planning and implementation of water supply and sanitation (WSS) programmes, then the likelihood of effective technology transfer and sustainability is greatly increased. A number of case studies were chosen to illustrate a range of activities in Pacific Island Countries, which have involved communities in the planning, implementation and management of WSS.