An outline is made about the change produced in the water conflicts in Spain. The mediation is one of the existing formulas to solve the conflicts, with its possibilities and its limits. The different phases from the Social Initiative of Mediation are described briefly, promoted by the Ecology adn Development Foundation to contribute to solve the long conflicts that in Aragón face farmers with affected organizations of territories of the mountain. Some want to construct swamps, the others refuse totally. The originand the development of this initiative is explained, the most significant cases are analyzed. In addition a summary of the most important results is added. Final conclusions are exposed, according to the authors, they have a general value.