Desertification is a wide-ranging problem as it has both natural and human dimensions. It generates environmental degradation and the depletion of natural resources that leads to poverty and hunger everywhere. To combat desertification is to contribute to the eradication of poverty. Every one of us can get involved at our own level to combat desertification. Children, who are particularly receptive and who demonstrate a spontaneous interest in questions relating to nature and the environment, can be the front line players in this collective combat. To help them better understand environmental problems and stimulate their search for possible solutions, the educational system should promote the notion of sustainable development. Targeted to educators and their pupils during their final years at primary school, this educational kit aims to clarify scientific knowledge on desertification. Environmental problems present as many challenges as there are socially responsible and imaginative solutions to preserve and restore fertility in the world’s drylands.