The reuse of wastewater is increasing rapidly in Europe, mostly, but not exclusively, in southern European countries. The most important applications are the irrigation of crops, golf courses and sports fields, which are moreover cases where pathogens from the wastewater may come into contact with the public. At the same time Europe, and in particular the Northern European countries, import produce and flowers irrigated with reclaimed wastewater from countries on the southern littoral of the Mediterranean. As with many activities, these trends are occurring in Europe against the backdrop of heterogeneous regulation.