In the Mediterranean, the annual availability of water resources is very imbalanced between the relatively rich and even overabundant North, and the poor to extremely poor South and East. A unique feature of this area is that water is one of the limiting conditions for sustainable development, increased quality of life and peace. Recognising the severity of the situation, it is necessary to consider the development of appropriate solutions while working on all of the factors liable to reduce pressure and avoid irreversible damage.